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It has been predicted that in the 21st century water will become as monetarily valuable as oil (Qadir et al, 2003). As a low profit to megalitre user of water agriculture is likely to suffer from water shortages (UNEP, 2002). In order to maintain a steady supply of water a large amount of research has been conducted into alternate sources of water irrigation. While effluent is perceived by many to be a viable source of water for sustainable farming numerous chemicals are present within this treated effluent that can cause illness within crop species (Toze, 2006). This review has examined many major contaminants that are present in treated effluent and discussed their affect on crops and the maximum allowable concentrations in both effluent and the the soils.